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Leverage on the other hand, is about getting the best possible benefits from the event. Chalip (2004 p228) defines leveraging as: “the processes through which the benefits of investments are maximized.”

Leveraging can relate to aspects around the actual event (e.g. visitor spending, utilization of local supply chains) or the long term benefits both before and after the event has taken place (e.g. destination image). Importantly event impact research now has a strong focus on the issues of leveraging benefits from events.

Resource Guide to The Impact of Events, Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network, May, 2007: assets/hlst/documents/resource_guides/the_impact_of_events.pdf

Additional reference material (to assist with idea generation)

Additional reference materials that may assist with informing your essay response are listed below.

Academic Reference Journals

Crompton, J., and S. McKay 1994. Measurement the Economic Impact of Festivals and Events: Some Myths, Misapplications and Ethical Dilemmas. Festival Management and Event Tourism 2, 33–43

Delamere, T.A., 2001. Development of a scale to measure resident attitudes toward the social impacts of community festivals, PartII: Verification of the scale. Event Management 7(1), 25-38.

Dimanche, F., 1996. Special events legacy: The 1984 Louisiana World fair in New Orleans. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 4(1), 49–54.

Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistillis, N. and Mules, T., 2000. A Framework for Assessing “Tangible” and “Intangible” Impacts of Events and Conventions. Event Management, 6(3), 175-189.

Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistillis, N., Mules, T., 2000. Forecasting the Economic Impacts of Events and Conventions. Event Management, 6(3), 191-204.

Garcia, B., 2003. Securing sustainable legacies through cultural programming in sporting events. Culture at the Olympics, 5, 1, p1-10

Available from:

Garcia, B., 2004. More than a game: Olympic arts programming can increase local participation. Culture at the Olympics, 6, 35-40

Available from:

Garcia, B. and Miah, A., 2002. The Olympics is not a sporting event. Culture at the Olympics, 4, 4-6

Available from:

Mason, P., and Beaumont-Kerridge, J., 2004. Attitudes of visitors and residents to the impacts of the 2001 Sidmouth International Festival. In: Yeoman, R., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U., (eds) Festival and events management: an international arts and culture perspective. London, Elsevier, pp 311-328.

O’Brien, D., 2006. Event Business Leveraging: The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 240-261

Reports

Tremblay, P et al 2004, ASSESSING THE VALUE AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE DARWIN FESTIVAL: a trial of the national events evaluation kit, Sustainable Tourism, Federal Government Australia. The following resource can be accessed via: BookShop/BookDetail.aspx?d=447

Intervistas Consulting, 2002, The Economic Impact of the 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games: An update, prepared for Honourable Ted Nebbeling Minister of State for Community Charter and 2010 Olympic Bid. The following resource can be accessed via:

StaticContent/Downloads/Econ_Impact_2010_Games_Update.pdf 200742 – Sport and Hospitality Event Management, SPRING 2010 Assessment Details 21

Office of Commonwealth Games Co ordination, 2006, Economic Impact Study of the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Post-event analysis. The following resource can be accessed via: web9/rwpgslib.nsf/GraphicFiles/econ_impact_report/$file/econ_impact_report.pdf

Internet sources

Allen, J, Harris, R and Huyskens, M (2000) Event Management: An Australian Bibliography. Sydney: University of Technology A bibliography of references to books, journal articles and research papers of relevance to Australian events management including a range of event impact categories. acem/pdfs/bibliography.pdf

Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2006. Welcome to The Green Games 2000 events/greengames/index.html

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Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games 2006. The official website of the BEIJING 2008 Olympic Games

en

London 2012, 2007, the official site of the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games

Glasgow 2014, 2007, Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games Candidate City

eng/index.asp

This site, the Olympic Studies Centre at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, provides a range of Olympic related resources.

EMBOK.htm

Silvers J.R, 2003. Event Management Body of Knowledge Project.

A useful resource for events generally though not specific to event impacts.

Veal, A. J., and Toohey, K. (2005) The Olympic Games; A Bibliography. Sydney: School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney Available at: lst/downloads/olympic_bib_update2.pdf

directory/index.php?&PID=203

WorldofEvents.net – site providing a range of event management resources